Characterization and classification of Pinus oleoresin samples according to Pinus species, tapping method, and geographical origin based on chemical composition and chemometrics

Oleoresin samples collected directly from living-trees by three different tapping methods, and four geographical origins were analyzed using two gas chromatography (GC) methods. The GC was coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) for quantification, mass spectrometer (GC-MS) identifying the chemical composition. Twenty-eight components detected quantified. proportions of each component varied exceedingly between samples, other associated factors. specific sample traits, including Pinus species, method origin differentiated batches. Notwithstanding, main present in all characterized are α-pinene β-pinene. Statistical analysis demonstrated that majority molecules significant importance traits. Moreover, statistical allows identification biomarkers with Additionally, Linear Discriminant Analysis models have shown very good performance classifying based on Furthermore, allowing establishment differences sativene, camphene , limonene isopimaric acid pimarinal, whereas differentiation methods is established pimaric acid, β-phellandrene, retinol camphene, lastly species palustric limonene, β-pinene sativene. • oleoresin locations analyzes used create classification according traits ( origin). characteristic highlighted.